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1.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 13(4)sept.-dic. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515541

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L) Poit es comúnmente conocido como ítamo real, se le han atribuido numerosas aplicaciones terapéuticas. Objetivos: evaluar el efecto neurosedante de diferentes fracciones obtenidas de extractos de hojas de P. tithymaloides. Métodos: se realizaron sucesivas extracciones a partir de hojas secas trituradas, con el objetivo de obtener diversas fracciones mediante el empleo de solventes como tolueno, cloroformo y solvente hidroalcohólico (1:1); se evaluó su actividad neurosedante con el empleo del modelo de conducta exploratoria en ratones como indicativo de este efecto y los datos se procesaron con la prueba estadística de Duncan y un nivel de significación de p< 0,05. Resultados: de las fracciones obtenidas por cristalización fraccionada a partir del extracto toluénico, el To (triterpeno) mostró efecto sedante a dosis superiores a 100 mg/kg, la fracción que contenía el resto del extracto toluénico no mostró actividad. Por otra parte, el extracto clorofórmico también mostró efecto neurosedante, mientras que a partir del extracto hidroalcohólico se obtuvieron 2 fracciones por cambio de la polaridad del disolvente, las fracciones obtenidas resultaron tener una ligera actividad sedante; el crudo de fenoles redujo la conducta exploratoria a dosis de 200 mg/kg, mientras que la fracción remanente mostró actividad a dosis de 450 mg/kg. Conclusiones: el P. tithymaloides posee compuestos que le confieren efecto sedante.


Introduction: Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L) Poit is widely known as itamo real and numerous therapeutical applications have been attributed to it. Objetives: to evaluate the neurosedative effect of different fractions of extracts from P. tithymaloides leaves. Methods: succesives extractions were made from smashed dry leaves, with the purpose of obtaining several fractions using toluene, chloroform and hydroalcohol solvents (1:1); the neurosedative activity was also evaluated with an exploratory behaviour model in mice as an indication of this effect and data were processed with Duncan´s statistical test, with a level of significance of p< 0.05. Results: out of the fractions obtained by fractioned crystallization of toluene extract, triterpene showed sedative effect at a dose over 100 mg/kg. The fraction containing the rest of toluene extract revealed no activity. On the other hand, the chloroform extract also showed neurosedative effect whereas two other fractions were obtained from hydroalcoholic extract because of change of solvent polarity; these fractions exhibited slight sedative activity; the phenol crude reduced the exploratory behaviours at 200 mg/kg dose whereas the remaining fraction showed this kind of action at 450 mg/kg. Conclusions: P. tithymaloides possesses some compounds that provide it with a sedative effect.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Mother Tincture , Euphorbiaceae/adverse effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Plant Structures , Phytotherapy , Qualitative Research
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 28(1): 36-42, jan. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479854

ABSTRACT

Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Euphorbiaceae), com nome popular de favela, é uma planta normalmente espinhosa comum na caatinga. É considerada como forrageira e os animais, principalmente durante a seca, consomem as folhas que estão ao seu alcance ou as folhas secas caídas. A intoxicação espontânea por esta planta é relatada por fazendeiros no semi-árido quando animais têm acesso a plantas ou ramos recentemente cortados. Diferentes partes da planta moídas e secas, diluídas em água, são utilizadas por caçadores para matar pássaros. Para determinar a toxicidade de C. phyllacanthus, folhas verdes de plantas sem espinhos foram administradas a uma cabra em pequenas quantidades por via oral. Após o consumo de 4,7g por kg de peso do animal (g/kg) a cabra apresentou taquicardia, taquipneia, dispnéia, nistagmo, opistótono e decúbito esterno abdominal seguido de decúbito lateral. A morte ocorreu 30 minutos após o começo dos sinais. Folhas frescas de plantas sem espinho foram administradas a 8 caprinos em doses de 0,5-2,5g/kg sem que causassem sinais clínicos. Três animais apresentaram sinais clínicos após a ingestão de 3g/kg. Os sinais clínicos foram similares aos observados na intoxicação por ácido cianídrico e dois animais tratados com uma solução de tiossulfato de sódio a 20 por cento, na dose de 0,5ml/kg se recuperaram rapidamente em seguida ao tratamento. O terceiro recuperou-se espontaneamente. Folhas das mesmas plantas foram secadas ao sol durante períodos varáveis de 8-30 dias. O caprino que ingeriu a planta que tinha sido secada por 8 dias morreu após a ingestão de 3g/kg. O caprino que ingeriu a planta secada por 9 dias apresentou sinais clínicos após a ingestão de 1,13g/kg e se recuperou. Os caprinos que ingeriram a planta exposta ao sol por 10-29 dias apresentaram sinais clínicos após a ingestão de 3g/kg e se recuperaram espontaneamente ou mediante tratamento com tiossulfato de sódio. O caprino que ingeriu a planta que tinha sido exposta...


Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Euphorbiaceae), with the common name favela, is a generally spiny plant of the Brazilian semiarid. Mainly during the dry season livestock browse its leaves from the shrubs or ingest the dry leaves fallen to the ground. Farmers report the spontaneous poisoning by this plant when livestock has access to shrubs or branches that had been cut. Different parts of the ground fresh plant, diluted in water, are used by people in the semiarid to hunt birds. To determine the toxicity of C. phyllacanthus, leaves of the non-spiny plant were fed by hand to a goat by putting small amount into its mouth. After the consumption of 4.7g/kg body weight, the goat had tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, nystagmus, opisthotonos and sternal recumbence. The death occurred 30 minutes after the onset of clinical signs. Fresh leaves from the same plants were given to 8 goats at doses of 0.5-2.5g/kg without causing clinical signs. Three goats showed clinical signs after the ingestion of 3g/kg. Clinical signs were similar to those observed in cyanide poisoning. Two goats given 0.5mg/kg of a 20 percent solution of sodium thiosulphate recovered immediately after treatment. Another goat recovered spontaneously. Leaves from the same plants were sun-dried during variable periods for 8-30 days, and then given to 8 goats. The goat that ingested the plant dried at the sun during 8 days died after the ingestion of 3 g/kg. The goat that ingested the plant, exposed to the sun for 9 days, showed clinical signs after the ingestion of 1.13g/kg, but recovered spontaneously. The goats that ingested the leaves exposed to the sun during 10-29 days showed clinical signs after the ingestion of 3g/kg, but recovered spontaneously or after treatment with sodium thiosulphate. No clinical signs were observed in the goat that ingested the plant that had been exposed to the sun during 30 days. In another experiment ground leaves of the plant were dried at the sun for...


Subject(s)
Animals , Euphorbiaceae/adverse effects , Euphorbiaceae/toxicity , Goats , Mortality , Thiosulfates/administration & dosage
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